How many hoops will a VM in one region have to go through to communicate with a VM in another region?

Communication between VMs in different regions typically involves traversing the public internet or a dedicated inter-region network connection. This process requires several steps, including routing traffic through network gateways, potentially undergoing NAT (Network Address Translation), and adhering to security group/firewall rules in both regions. While the exact number of 'hoops' can vary based on the cloud provider's architecture and configuration, it's generally more complex than intra-region communication.