Top Salaries by Department

This SQL query identifies the highest-paid employee within each department. It uses a Common Table Expression (CTE) named empbysalary to assign a rank to each employee based on their salary in descending order, partitioned by their department_id. The final SELECT statement then joins this CTE with the departments table to retrieve the department name and the details of the employee who ranked first (i.e., has the highest salary) in each department. The results are ordered by department name.