When you type https://google.com into your browser, several things happen:
- DNS Lookup: Your browser first queries a Domain Name System (DNS) server to translate the human-readable domain name (
google.com) into a machine-readable IP address.
- TCP Connection: A Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) connection is established between your browser and the server at that IP address.
- TLS Handshake: Since it's
https, a Transport Layer Security (TLS) handshake occurs to create a secure, encrypted connection between your browser and the Google server.
- HTTP Request: Your browser sends an HTTP GET request to the Google server, asking for the homepage.
- Server Processing: The Google server receives the request, processes it (which involves retrieving necessary data, potentially from databases like SQL or NoSQL stores, and possibly accessing static assets from storage like S3), and prepares a response.
- HTTP Response: The server sends back an HTTP response, which includes the HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and other assets needed to render the Google homepage.
- Browser Rendering: Your browser receives the response, parses the HTML, applies the CSS for styling, executes the JavaScript for interactivity, and displays the Google search page.